he word meditate stems from the Latin root meditatum, i.e. to ponder.[8] In the Old Testament hāgā (Hebrew: הגה), means to sigh or murmur, but also to meditate. When the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek, hāgā became the Greek melete. The Latin Bible then translated hāgā/melete into meditatio.[9] The use of the term meditatio as part of a formal, stepwise process of meditation goes back to the 12th century monk Guigo II.[10]
Apart from its historical usage, the term meditation was introduced as a translation for Eastern spiritual practices, generally referred to as dhyāna, which comes from the Sanskrit root dhyai, meaning to contemplate or meditate.[2][11] The term "meditation" in English may also refer to practices from Islamic Sufism,[12] or other traditions such as Jewish Kabbalah and Christian Hesychasm.[13] A recent edited book about "meditation", for example, included chapter contributions by authors describing Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Islamic, and Taoist traditions.[14][15] Scholars have noted that "the term 'meditation' as it has entered contemporary usage" is parallel to the term "contemplation" in Christianity.[16]
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